Monday, December 29, 2025

Why Indian ₹ is falling down against dollar.

Let’s understand why Indian Rupee is falling down.

₹ is not falling due to one reason. it is falling due to three reasons and all three reasons are happened at the same time.

1. we all know that foreign investors are running from Indian market. investors left India with more than 17 billion dollars. This is the biggest outflow after the covid 19 Crash.

2. the second reason is India's trade deficit is increasing. Less dollars are flowing into India and more dollars are flowing out.

Let's understand with a simple example: - If India is importing $1000 and exporting $700, then $300 is going away from us. This is also increasing the pressure on the Indian Rupee and the Rupee is falling.

https://thewire.in/trade/indias-exports-fall-by-11-8-even-as-trade-deficit-widens-textile-sector-badly-hit-by-us-tariffs


3. The third reason is RBI decided not to defend the Rupee. And accept the weaker Rupee. RBI have accepted the IMF's reclassification of the crawling arrangement. RBI believes that defending the Rupee right now will be very expensive. All the reserves will be exhausted, so it would rather have it adjust naturally than crash suddenly.


Now try to understand the timeline

From May-June-July 2025, FIIs are going to left the market, trade deficit is in negative. RBI is like ok we cannot fight in this situation as all three are happening at the same time.

Let's understand whether the RBI did the right thing or wrong.

They had two options.

Option 1: Burn $40 billion and maintain the rupee at $83. But if the FIIs leaving will be a hit again, then even $40 billion will be lost, and the rupee will not be able to be maintained at $83.

Option 2: The RBI will not intervene aggressively. Let the falling rupee benefit at least from our exports.

Now, we actually choose the second option, and whether this option is correct or not will depend on the future. If the FIIs return, it will be the right decision. We will preserve the capital. But if they don't return, we will have to struggle.

How the fall of the Indian Rupee is good for India.

Let's understand how.

We need to understand economics, but we need to understand economics with geopolitics and diplomatic strategy.

The fall of the Rupee is a blessing in disguise. but why did the Rupee fall so much?

India is a country that is currently facing the highest tariffs ever imposed by the USA, yet it is still outperforming many countries in terms of economic growth. So, when America imposed its highest tariffs on India, it meant that Indian goods were artificially made more expensive for consumers in the US by levying taxes. Naturally, US consumers wouldn't buy Indian goods, meaning Indian exporters would earn fewer dollars, resulting in a shortage of dollars in India. When something is scarce, its value increases, and that's why the value of the dollar is rising compared to the Rupee, and the value of the Rupee is falling.

But what is the opportunity in this crisis?

The USA consistently fails to be a trustworthy and reliable partner. Therefore, it is important for our exporters to find new foreign markets. Because when the rupee depreciates, our goods become cheaper for foreign markets. And who doesn't like cheaper goods? So, this decreased rupee value will provide an advantage in entering new foreign markets where they can break established monopolies with their lower prices and carve out a niche for themselves. This will prevent Indian businessmen from being dependent on a few countries for doing business.

And in the current volatile geopolitical scenario, diversification of the market is the only solution for the economy to remain robust.

Yes, there might be some difficulties in the short term, such as inflation, but this is a necessary evil for long-term benefits.

Source : ET, thewire.in, Google

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Saturday, December 20, 2025

Constant Currency Mechanism

 

One of the most widely used tool in financial analysis of a company and what is its significance in current economic scenario?


Problem: If a company has significant share of its revenue and expenses from foreign currency, how to determine its actual % change YoY or any period?

Solution: Use constant currency mechanism

What is constant currency?

A method where conversion rate of a foreign currency is made constant.

Let us understand this by an example!

Year 1: S company earned €10,000 revenue. The average conversion rate for the year was ₹/€ 80.

Now,

Year 2: S company earned the same €10,000 revenue, but the conversion rate for year was ₹/€ 84.

Now, Revenue (in INR) = 840,000 [ €10000*₹84].

If we compare Year 1 vs Year 2 in absolute terms;

Revenue growth= +5% YoY. (10000*(84-80)*100//800000)

But, the revenue growth achieved is the function of entity's operational efficiency? Definitely not!
It is because of currency fluctuations!

To resolve this problem, most of the analysts and company executives use constant currency approach.

Considering the above example, if we use constant currency approach, the result will be as under:

Year 1- Revenue= ₹8,00,000.
Year 2- Revenue= ₹8,00,000. [ €10,000* ₹80]

Wonder how? In year 2 we use year 1 conversion rate to determine the actual growth of revenue over year 1.

If we notice, using constant currency approach mitigates the effect of forex fluctuations, thereby facilitating effective comparison period over period.

Usually, constant currency approach figures are not available in the financial statements of the entity!

They are usually available in:
1. Management commentary
2. Concalls
3. Investor presentations
4. Press releases etc.

This mechanism is highly evident in IT industry as the significant portion of their revenue is sourced from foreign countries!

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Understand O2C, P2P & R2R

 

O2C (Order to Cash) 

What it Order to Cash

O2C is the process that starts when a customer places an order and ends when the company receives the payment.


📦 Simple Example:

Imagine you own a shop. A customer orders a phone, you deliver it, and then they pay you. That entire journey is O2C.


📋 Process steps:

Customer Order  Customer places an order.

Order Entry  The order is recorded in the system.

Order Fulfilment  Product/service is prepared.

Shipping  Product is delivered to the customer.

Invoicing  Bill is sent to the customer.

Payment Collection  Customer pays.

Cash Application  Payment is recorded in the system.

P2P (Procure to Pay)

What it means:

P2P is the process where a company buys goods/services from a supplier and then pays them.


📦 Simple Example:

Imagine your shop needs to buy phones to sell. You order them from a supplier and pay after receiving them. That is P2P.


📋 Process steps:

Purchase Requisition  Someone in the company asks to buy something.

Purchase Order (PO)  A formal order is sent to the supplier.

Goods Receipt  Supplier delivers the goods.

 Invoice Receipt  Supplier sends a bill.

 Invoice Verification  Company checks if goods and invoice match.

 Payment Processing  Company pays the supplier.



R2R (Record to Report)

What it means:

R2R is the process of recording all business transactions and then reporting the financial results


📦 Simple Example:

At the end of the month, your shop needs to prepare a summary of how much it earned, spent, and how much profit you made. That’s R2R.


📋 Process steps:

Data Entry/Journal Entries  All income and expenses are recorded.

Reconciliation  Check and match records with bank, vendors, etc.

Trial Balance  Prepare a draft of accounts.

Adjustments  Fix any errors or add missing entries.

Financial Statements  Create reports like Profit & Loss, Balance Sheet.

Reporting  Share results with management or government (like tax filing).





Term

Full Form

Simple Meaning

Ends When...

O2C

Order to Cash

Company sells something and collects money

Money is received from customer

P2P

Procure to Pay

Company buys something and pays the supplier

Supplier is paid

R2R

Record to Report

Company tracks transactions and reports them

Reports are finalized




    If you find this helpful, follow me for more simple breakups of complex financial concepts  

For any query regarding the post or if you want to learn any topic you can write me on

rohitjain8jan@gmail.com 

rohitjainroyalr@gmail.com 

Website : - https://rohitjain.royalrichie.com

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Thank you for reading & keep learning.   



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